Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Near infrared enhanced palladium loaded siraitia grosvenorii carbon dots amplify mitophagy for acute lung injury immunotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.040

Figure Lengend Snippet: ALI therapeutic mechanism. A) Co-immunofluorescent staining images of cells incubated with Cy5-CPs or Cy5-CPs@SS31 by confocal staining microscope: DAPI (blue), Mito-tracker green (green), and Cy5-CPs or Cy5-CPs@SS31 (red). (Scale bar = 10 μm) B) MMP of treated cells by flow cytometry. C) Heatmap of DEGs between control group and CPs@SS31+NIR: genes with relatively high (red) and low (blue) expression levels. D) Volcano plot of DEGs: 542 upregulated and 499 downregulated genes between control group and CPs@SS31+NIR. E) Anti-inflammation pathways related DEGs by KEGG enrichment analysis (red). F) Anti-inflammation pathways related differential biological functions by GO enrichment analysis (red): molecular function (MF), biological process (BP) and cell component (CC). G) Protein-protein interaction network of mitophagy related proteins. H) P62, Parkin and PINK1 expression levels of treated cells by WB. I) P62, Parkin and PINK1 expression levels in the lung tissue of treated rats. (Scale bar = 100 μm).

Article Snippet: Mitochondrial functions investigation : To investigate the mitochondrial targeting ability, RAW264.7 were seeded into a 6-well plate with the density of 2 × 10 6 , and then incubated with Cy5 labeled CPs (Cy5-CPs) or CPs@SS31 (Cy5-CPs@SS31) for 6 h. Later, the cells were stained with mito-tracker green probe assay kit (Beyotime, China) and DAPI.

Techniques: Staining, Incubation, Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, Control, Expressing

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Dual-targeted manganese-doped carbon dots activate the cGAS–STING pathway and immunogenic cell death for potent glioblastoma immunotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103073

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and LAT1-mediated targeting mechanism of Mn-CDs. (A) Cell viability of CT2A and GL261 glioma cells treated with various concentrations of Mn-CDs, determined by CCK-8 assay. (B) Representative confocal fluorescence images of CT2A cells treated with PBS, CDs, or Mn-CDs at indicated concentrations (25 and 50 μg/mL). Proliferating nuclei are stained green. Scale bar: 200 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of the ratio of EdU-positive cells. (D) Quantitative analysis of cell viability percentages. (E) Representative fluorescence images of CT2A cells, where live cells are stained green (Calcein-AM) and dead cells are stained red (PI). Scale bar: 100 μm. (F) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images monitoring the time-dependent cellular internalization of Mn-CDs in CT2A cells at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h. Scale bar: 50 μm. (G) Colony formation assay of CT2A cells treated with CDs or Mn-CDs (0,25, 50, and 100 μg/mL). (H) Confocal images showing the colocalization of Mn-CDs (red) with CT2A cells mitochondria stained by Mito-Tracker Green. Scale bar: 50 μm. (J) Quantitative analysis of the Pearson's correlation coefficient (n = 3). (I) Western blot analysis of LAT1 expression in HMC3, hCMEC/D3, CT2A, and GL261 cell lines and (K) the corresponding quantitative analysis of gray values. (L) Schematic illustration of Mn-CDs traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via LAT1-mediated transport. (M) Confocal images of Mn-CDs uptake in CT2A cells in the presence or absence of the LAT1 inhibitor BCH, verifying the receptor-mediated entry mechanism. Scale bar: 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD (∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The JC-1 Assay Kit, DAPI, Mito-Tracker Green, Crystal Violet Staining Solution, and Protease/Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (P1045) were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, CCK-8 Assay, Fluorescence, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Colony Assay, Western Blot, Expressing